ADHD Medication - What You Need to Know
The number of people who are taking ADHD medication in England has risen dramatically, with diagnoses of the condition rising to record levels. GPs prescribe medications to aid children and adults who have the condition. These medications boost concentration and lower hyperactivity.
Practices are asked by the Department to identify patients who are affected by the supply issue and to include an alert in their medical records. Leaflets on patient information as well as an easy to read leaflet are available to aid in conversations with patients.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is an illness of the mind that affects individuals differently than others. It can cause problems with learning, organizing and focusing on tasks that require memory. People with ADHD have trouble paying attention to instructions or conversations at work or school. They could make costly errors when they're not careful. They struggle to wait for their turn, and might blurt out answers before the person speaking is finished.
Symptoms begin in childhood. To be diagnosed with ADHD, one must have at least six ongoing symptoms that are evident and get in the way of daily functioning in two or more environments (for example, home, school, work, etc.). People with ADHD can be very successful as adults, but many experience difficulties as they are able to take on more complex jobs, managing relationships, and household chores.
It is not uncommon for the condition to go undiagnosed throughout the early years, particularly among girls and women. The symptoms are more subtle than for men and boys, so they might not be noticed or brought to the attention of a doctor by teachers or parents. If a child is diagnosed with the disease, he or she may be put on medication.
The majority of medications used to treat ADHD boost the levels of certain brain neurotransmitters. These chemicals help the brain regulate attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate is also known as the brand name Ritalin, is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. It is thought to increase concentration by reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity.
People with ADHD are more likely to be suffering from other problems, such as depression or bipolar disorder, anxiety, or addictions. ADHD can also lead to financial issues if it is not treated. This is due to poor time management, missed appointments, late payments and impulse purchases.
The best option when you suspect you may have ADHD is to speak to your GP. They won't be able to diagnose you in a formal manner, but they can refer you to an expert. You may also request to see a private clinic that offers assessments and ADHD medication prescriptions. They are then delivered to the pharmacy in your area for you to pick up like any other prescription.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD symptoms can be seen in children as young as 6 years old and persist until adulthood. In adults, they can cause issues in education as well as relationships at work. It is not common to have the condition go undiagnosed. Some people may end up being misdiagnosed and mistakenly labeled as a slacker, dreamer or troublemaker. In adolescence and adulthood, people can find it harder to compensate for their symptoms, which can lead to academic or career failure as well as financial issues and difficulties maintaining romantic relationships and friendships.
The symptoms include difficulty sitting still or waiting for others, failing to finish tasks and being easily distracted. People with the ADHD type that is predominantly inattention are also more prone to becoming bored and seeking out new experiences. They have difficulty staying focused on tasks that are not exciting or rewarding, and often fail to follow instructions or make rash mistakes.
People with the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD might talk out loud while they are listening to other people, interrupt or intrude on others' conversations and games, or start or stop activities without permission. They cannot wait for their turn and experience difficulties in playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly. They get frustrated easily and are more likely to rush into activities without considering the consequences.
Genetic and environmental factors affect the brains of ADHD sufferers. Certain genes are associated with the disorder and it is believed that a low birth weight smoking during pregnancy and exposure to chemicals during pregnancy increase the chance of having a child who has ADHD. There is evidence that suggests that certain diets may influence the behavior of people with ADHD however it is important to consult a doctor before cutting out any foods.
The three most popular medications used to treat ADHD include dexamphetamine, atomoxetine, and methylphenidate. There are many other medications available, and patients are able to change between them based on their tolerance and reactions. The Royal College of GPs has warned that if current shortages are not addressed, the issue will worsen and patients could be unable to access treatment. GPs should consult their local ADHD service and discuss alternative treatment options. Some doctors or ADHD services offer information on alternative methylphenidates, like clonidine or guanfacine. It is safe to take breaks from atomoxetine and methylphenidate for example, on weekends However, it is essential to speak with your GP or ADHD service for guidance first.
Diagnosis
ADHD is typically diagnosed by a psychiatrist following a detailed assessment, including descriptions of symptoms from the patient and family members, questionnaires or scales completed by the person and their relatives and teachers as well as a psychiatric history and details regarding the person's education, environment and upbringing. In many countries psychiatrists or another mental health professional is required to diagnose ADHD in adults. Ask the psychiatrist about their knowledge and experience in adult ADHD when you decide to consult a private physician to begin treatment. If a professional is reluctant to provide you with this information, you should be suspicious and consider finding another expert.
In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, an audiologist or mental health specialist will need to establish whether the symptoms have been present since childhood. Your symptoms must have affected your life for a prolonged period and caused you difficulties in multiple settings before you can be considered for an adult diagnosis. A psychiatrist may examine your school records and ask you to explain how your symptoms have affected your life.
If you decide to begin taking medication, your physician will discuss the right dosage and schedule with you. Stimulants, the most common medication used to treat ADHD are stimulants. They alter the levels of neurotransmitters within your brain, increasing concentration and reducing impulsivity and hyperactivity. These medications typically take between 45 to 60 minutes before they begin working and are absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.
Some people can only tolerate certain kinds of ADHD medications. They include methylphenidate (methylphenidate "immediate release" and methylphenidate extended release) amphetamines, atomoxetine, and dexamphetamine. You can usually have a break from these drugs on weekends and during school holidays. However, you should only do so with the approval of your doctor.
You should only take ADHD medication under the supervision of an expert medical professional. non prescription adhd medication is not advisable to give your prescription to anyone else or obtain it from a third party. The National Health Service's GPs must evaluate every new patient before prescribing them medication for ADHD, and the waiting list for ADHD medications can be lengthy. The NHS England has created an ADHD taskforce to reduce the waiting times.
Treatment
Treatment options for ADHD include behavioural therapy and medication. These two therapies can be extremely beneficial for many people. The medication is safe and effective, and can alleviate symptoms. It is important to keep in mind that medication is not a cure. It only works when taken regularly.
Stimulant medication is the most frequently used treatment for ADHD in children and adults. They function by increasing neurotransmitters that allow nerve cells communicate in the brain. These medications come in two different types - short-acting and long-acting. Psychologists carefully adjust the dosage of medication to ensure that side effects are properly controlled and that the right dosage is prescribed. This is known as 'dosage optimization'.
A number of different medications are available to treat ADHD including methylphenidate (methylphenidate 'immediate release' and methylphenidate 'extended release'), atomoxetine, dexamphetamine and modafinil. ADHD is often treated with medications such as clonidine or guanfacine. At present, there are no shortages of either of these drugs in the UK.
People suffering from ADHD often have a range of co-morbidities in conjunction with their ADHD diagnosis. These include depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. This is why it is recommended that all patients with a comorbidity follow an integrated care plan, and that all relevant healthcare professionals are included in the treatment of the person.
The NHS is currently working on a new model for the treatment of adults with neurodiversity, which reflects that not all individuals have the same needs, and that there could be connections between physical and mental health issues. There will be a shift to more individualised services, with patients being able to work with multidisciplinary teams that can assist them and address their needs together.
Patients who are on primary care maintenance and are currently on an ADHD prescription should contact their local specialist services for advice on dosage adjustments or agree that the patient should be referred to a treatment break. Doctors are also advised not to give additional 30 day supply of these medications as they could cause the supply issue.